Hittites and the Hittite Empire

Hittites and the Hittite Empire Two different types of Hittites are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament): the Canaanites, who were enslaved by Solomon; and the Neo-Hittites, Hittite kings of northern Syria who traded with Solomon. The events related in the Old Testament occurred in the 6th century BC, well after the glory days of the Hittite Empire.The discovery of the Hittite capital city of Hattusha was an important event in archaeology of the near east, because it increased our understanding of the Hittite Empire as a powerful, sophisticated civilization of the 13th through 17th centuries BC. The Hittite Civilization cuneiform    Timeline Old Hittite Kingdom [ca. 1600-1400 BC]Middle Kingdom [ca. 1400-1343 BC]Hittite Empire [1343-1200 BC] Babylon Sources Cities: Important Hittite cities include Hattusha (now called Boghazkhoy), Carchemish (now Jerablus), Kussara or Kushshar (which has not been relocated), and Kanis. (now Kultepe)

Reasons to Send Graduation Announcements

Reasons to Send Graduation Announcements Amidst everything else youre trying to finish before graduation- least of all, your actual classes- youre being pressured to send out graduation announcements. Why should you spend the time to send them out when you have so much else going on? Reasons to Send Graduation Announcements Your family and friends want to knowSure, some may know that you are graduating...sometime this year. An announcement is a great way to keep them informed and to let them know what your degree is and when, officially, youll be receiving it. Your parents and other family members want to brag about youHave you ever been to someones house and seen a graduation announcement hanging on their fridge? Wasnt it exciting and impressive? Your family has been supporting you during your time in school; let them have some bragging rights for the next few months by having their own announcement to post. Not to be crass, but...many folks might send you some cashIn many cultures, its traditional for friends and family members to send money as a graduation gift. And who doesnt need a little help as they have to pay for work clothes, a new apartment, and everything else thats needed for a new job (or even graduate school)? Its a good way to start networkingYoure graduating with a degree in Computer Science, and your uncle Chris just happens to work at a computer company youre interested in working for, too. An announcement can be a great way to open the door to future job opportunities  since people will know you are now officially a college graduate looking for work. Its a great keepsakeIt may seem like a pain now, but finding a copy 20 years from now of your graduation announcement, stored in a shoebox in your attic, is a great gift you can give your future self. Its a good way to keep in touch with peopleSure, Facebook and social media is a great way to keep in touch with friends. But what about family members or other folks who you dont see very often but still consider an important part of your life? Sending an announcement is a great way to keep the doors of communication open. Its a great way to celebrate your achievementLets not forget all the late nights, study sessions, hard work, cramming, and everything else you did to earn that degree. This is your perfect chance to let everyone know that youve finally earned your degree without sounding too pompous about it. Its a great way to thank those who helped you get to where you are todayDid you have an influential high school teacher who helped you get to college? A mentor in your church? A family member who really stepped in when you needed it? Sending graduation announcements to those who really made a difference in your life can be a great way to thank them for all their love and support.

Brand management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand management - Essay Example However, the only thing common between both the pearls is the quality, natural beauty and value of the pearl which is left only to nature. Figure 1 The Australian, 2011 Pearls can be pear-shaped, oval and at times misshapen; but the most valuable pearls for all sorts of consumers will be the round, smooth and free from marks. A strand of pearls which fits directly to the throat is a collar. The one which rests on the neck is a choker. The princess length of the strand would be the one reaching the collarbone while the matinee is 20-24 inches and Opera is 30-36 inches. Rope is all the other strands that are more than 36 inches. These are important details to understand the consumer perceptions and tastes in the pearl industry. Another aspect which is important is the origin and types of pearls. Natural pearls are the most precious pearls and unfortunately the rarest. They were originated in the Persian Gulf and have already been harvested at large. The ones available in the market tod ay are small in sizes and immensely costly. There was a time when consumers did not buy anything but natural pearls, but today the perceptions have changed. The cultured pearls are widely available and produced in pearl farms. They have contributed majorly to the pearl market today. These cultured pearls produced through a delicate process. The pearls formed through this process are not always high quality. These pearls are sorted and about 10,000 are discarded before a 16 inch strand is assembled of high quality pearls. Figure 2 Morning Dove Studios, 2012 Pearls are also found in saltwater and freshwater where there are different types of mollusks and thus they produce pearls that are different looking. Saltwater pearls are the akoya cultured pearls which are grown in Chinese and Japanese waters. These pearls are very tiny starting from 2mm to 10mm, and are cream or white colored with a round shape. They are cheaper due to their sizes. The Australian, Indonesian and Philipinnian pe arl is the South Sea pearl which is the largest pearl of all. Their size is about 9mm to 20mm and is cream, white or golden colored. The South Sea pearls are the most expensive ones as they are rare and have thick nacre. The Tahitian pearls have sizes ranging from 8mm to 16mm and they are not only found in Tahiti but also on French Polynesia islands. These pearls are known as the black pearls but are gray, green, purple, blue and black colored. Black pearls are also found in Fiji, Cook Islands and Micronesia. They are expensive. Figure 3 Chinese Pearls (United Nations University, 2013) Figure 4 Black Pearls (squidoo, 2013) Freshwater pearls grow in lakes, ponds and rivers mostly in China. Most of these pearls have the same size and shape as akoya pearls but may also be different. They are comparatively cheaper and the most common of all pearls sold. These pearls may not have the nucleus of the bead hence having thicker nacre. Imitation pearls are pearls that have a coated glass bead . These have high luster which can be easily separated from a cultured pearl by a knowledgeable jeweler. Sometimes it becomes a challenge to identify the imitated and the cultural or natural but certified gemologists from the American Gem Society can easily do the job. These pearls may also be going through processes and treatments to enhance their color or luster, and this immensely affects their value. A consumer would never want to buy one! Some of the best pearl brands today are

The Importance of Progression Planning and Retaining Human Resources Essay

The Importance of Progression Planning and Retaining Human Resources Within Hong Kong Construction Organizations - Essay Example From this study it is clear that macau has a large demand for construction workers because of the opening up of the gaming industry with a record 10,000 Hong Kong construction workers being employed in Macau in 2008. China has been employing Hong Kong surveyors, architects and engineers extensively. The relocation of construction talent to China and Macau is due to the opportunity to work on high-profile, large and iconic projects at these destinations. Apart from China and Macau, Singapore and Malaysia have also been competing for skilled engineers based in Hong Kong. The manpower needs in the sector in Hong Kong is expected to grow at 1.9 percent annually by 2018. However, Hong Kong has not demonstrated change in the use of technology in the sector while safely and quality continues to be an issue. This has impacted the local labor market in Hong Kong as higher incentives and pay structure have become essential to attract talent in the industry. Major construction projects such as railways and housing have been conceived but the retirement of the ageing workers and the reluctance of the younger generation to join the industry are some of the other challenges for the sector in Hong Kong. The Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors has released a statement in February 2014 that skilled shortage in the Hong Kong construction market is high among quality surveyors, bricklayers, carpenters and joiners. Despite technological changes the Hong Kong construction industry continues to be labor-intensive and crafts based.

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay According to Live Science, global warming is used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earths climate forever. The scientific consensus on climatic changes to global warming is that the average temperature of the Earth has risen between 0. 4 Cto 0. 8 C over the past 100 years (as cited in Live Science, n. d. ). In the article from the American Policy Roundtable Arguments against Global Warming, many claim that global warming is obvious and that all arguments against global warming fall. The problem is that what is obvious often isnt true. Concern over global warming is overblown and misdirected. More than 17,000 scientists have signed a petition circulated by the Oregon Institute of Science saying in part, there in no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earths atmosphere and disruption of the Earths climate. Satellite readings of temperatures in the lower troposphere show no warming since readings began 23 years ago. These readings are accurate within 0. 01 C, and are consistent with data from weather balloons. Only land-based temperature stations show a warming trend, and these stations do not cover the entire globe, and often contaminated by heat generated by nearly urban development, and are subject to human error (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ). When it comes to government and industrial leaders, a certain number of these are not being honest to citizens about the amount of pollution the industries and countries create. According to Exact Weather, from an article called Hysteria, all the main players from politicians and scientists to big corporations and the United Nations benefit from instilling fear into billions of human beings over the unproven theory of man-made global warming, Indeed, just three weeks after the U. N. ratcheted up international fears over global warming, a panel of 18 scientists from 11 countries has not reported to the U. N. that the only thing that can stop catastrophic climate change is a global tax on greenhouse gas emissions. Global problems, real or conjured up, require global governmental solutions. Environmentalism is nothing less than the global elitists replacement ideology for communism/socialism. Elitists who desire to rule other peoples lives have gravitated an even more powerful ideology. More powerful because it seems to trump all other considerations, as it claims the very survival of life on earth is dependent on implementing its agenda. (cited in Exact Weather, n. d. ). This is not the first time Americas major media has predicted an impending global climate crisis. It has happened four different time with each prediction warning that entire countries would be wiped out or that lower crop yields would mean the billions would die. In 1895, the panic was over an imminent ice age. Later, in the late 1920s, when the earths surface warmed less than half a degree, the media jumped on a new threat global warming, which continued into the late 1950s. Then in 1975, the New York Times headlined that global cooling was inevitable. Then in 1981, it was back to global warming, with the New York Times quoting seven government atmospheric scientists who predicted global warming of an almost unprecedented magnitude. (cited in Exact Weather, n. d. ). In an article written John Coleman, founder of the Weather Channel, he believes that not only is global warming the greatest scam in history, he believes some dastardly scientists with environmental and political motives manipulated long term scientific data to create an allusion of rapid global warming. Other scientists have also jumped into the circle to support and broaden the research to further enhance the totally slanted, bogus global warming claims. Mr. Coleman also believes that any person who spends a decade at a university obtaining a PHD in Meteorology and become a research scientist, more likely than not, becomes a part of that single minded culture. They all look askance like anyone, certain of their superiority. They respect government and disrespect business, particularly big business. They are environmentalists about all else. These scientists know that if they do research and results are in no way alarming their research will gather dust on the shelf and their research will languish. But if they do research that sounds alarms, they will become well know and respected and receive scholarly awards and, very importantly, more research dollars will come flooding their way. These scientists had to strive to be accepted, invited to present and review papers and travel to international meetings of the committee. Otherwise they were a nobody in the field. When many researchers did climate change studies in the late 90s they were eager to produce findings that would be important and be widely noticed and trigger more research funding. It was easy for them to manipulate the data to come up with results they wanted to make headlines and at the same time drive their environmental agendas. Then their like-minded Ph. D colleagues reviews their work and hastened to endorse ti without question (Coleman, n. d. ). Everyone has heard already that global warming is an international problem. Some say worldwide organizations are needed to address the worldwide issue to make sure all nations adhere to standardized pollution regulations. Some countries and the regions that comproise them have there own rules and regulations set to determine the daily life of how much electricity, coal, nuclear power, and other resources can be used, as well as how cars can be made, how buildings and bridges can be built as to not effect environmental damage. All of this comes at an extra cost to society and put more debt to these countries that implement the regulations. According to the article Destroying America to Save the World, the Kyoto Treaty is a international treaty designed to cut emissions that already contribute to global warming. The heart of the global warming dispute remains quite important. Scientists have been debating the reality of climate change and its potential impact for years. Despite extensive scientific opposition, worldwide environmental groups pushed for action that led to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. The pact required reductions in emissions below 1990 levels for developed nations. When a ABC News report mentioned the estimated cost of the Kyoto Treaty if the United States implemented it, the result would be a damaging US economu with job losses and a increase in the price of energy by $2,000 per family. When the Fox News channel addressed the issue short, but to the point, it explained the reason for the U. S. opposition was that the treaty would not force reductions by the developing nations including major polluters such as China, but it would have cut emissions by about 30 percent beginning in 2008. Fox also mentioned that the supporters of the treaty believed the cost to American families was about $100 a year, while critics claimed it would have doubled the price of energy, costing families $2,700 a year. (Gainor, n. d. ) But this is not just the only example of regions, states, countries, or international communities imposing treaties or regulations that are costly. Arguments against Global Warming also mentions efforts by state governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are even more expensive and threaten to bust state budgets. After raising their spending with reckless abandon during the 1990s, states now face a umulative projected deficit of more than $90 billion. Incredibly, most states nevertheless, persist in backing unnecessary and expensive greenhouse gas reduction programs. New Jersey, for example, collected $358 millions a year in utility taxes to fund greenhouse gas reduction programs. Such programs will have no impact on global greenhouse gas emissions. All they do is destroy jobs and waste money (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ). There are many developing nations that are beginning to feel the positive impact of economic growth and development. Some of those developing nations have shown high amounts of pollution that is clogging up these countries cities especially in China and India. The Kyoto protocol will not solve the problem because it costs are too much and there is skepticism about it among the international community. The best way to prevent developing countries from have revolutionary and economic uprisings is not through international public policies. In article called International Clean Energy Initiative from the Office of Science and Technology Policy, using Advanced, low-polluting energy technologies, developed and manufactured in the United States. It is an initiative built on a set of recommendations by the Presidents Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology and is directed at leveling the playing field between cleaner U. S. energy technologies and services and polluting alternatives. While this technology carries higher up-front costs, and can be risky to decision-makers in developing countries, the real benefits of the initiative will help lay the technical and policy foundation that will allow developing and transition countries to build a clean energy future, leapfrogging past the polluting energy technologies used by the industrial countries. cited in Office of Science and Technology Policy article, 2001, pg. 1) The best option for world enforcement of pollution control, economic growth, and political stability is no regrets. Arguments against Global Warming mentions that while the alternative demands for immediate action to stop global warming, the best option is to do nothing. The best option is to invest in atmospheric research now and in reducing emissions sometimes in the future if the science becomes more compelling. Right now, investments should be made to reduce emissions only when such investments make economic sense in their own right. This is the strategy of no regrets. The United States spends more on global warming research each year than the entire rest of the world combined, and American businesses are leading the way in demonstrating new technologies for reducing and sequestering greenhouse gas emissions. (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ). If many countries emulate the way the United States does its research on global warming, and uses its methods, world enforcement becomes less and less likely since there are alternatives other than control, rules, and regulation. (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ).

Platos Allegory of a Cave, Wachowskis Matrix, and Marge Piercys Woman on the Edge of Time :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Plato's Allegory of a Cave, Wachowski's Matrix, and Marge Piercy's Woman on the Edge of Time Plato's Allegory of a Cave is a story about prisoners that are chained underground, who can not see anything except for shadows caste on a wall by a fire. The only thing that these prisoners can see is the shadows of people. Eventually, one of the prisoners breaks free of the chain and ventures out into the real world. In the real world the freed prisoner discovers that the shadows in the cave are created from light diverge off people. He recognizes there is a whole new world filled with light. The freed prisoner is very confused and blinded by the light so he decides to return to the cave. When the prisoner returns to the cave, he shares what he saw in the real world with the other prisoners. The remaining prisoners treat the freed prisoner like he is crazy and they tell the freed prisoner that the real world does not exist. The prisoners in the cave do not believe in the real world because the cave is all that they know exists. Platos story is a close parallel to the film The Matrix and Marge Piercys Woman on the Edge of Time. Platos theory suggests that masses should be silenced in order to discourage desire because desire leads people to be unjust. Thus, equilibrium is needed to create peace and prevent chaos between two powerful worlds. The parallel of Platos theory can be seen in Marge Piercys Woman on the Edge of Time. The novel is about a chosen person, Connie, and her journey to keep peace between the machine world and the human world. Connie has special communicating powers, in which she is able to contact two completely different future worlds. The first world is a total utopia where Connie communicates with Luciente. The utopian world is a very high spirited, trustworthy, healthy community which is extremely peaceful and relies very little on technology. The world in a dysutopian, is completely controlled by computers, and humans are slave-like to cyborgs. This world is very dirty and the world wa s completely trashed. Connie lives in the present, where the worlds future is threaten by complete control by machines or a world with no technology. Like the prisoner in Platos story, Connie is shunned by society and put in a mental hospital.

Obama VS Chamberlain

When Chamberlain went to Munich on September 29th, 1938, to ask Hitler to discontinue, as he would have said, his plans to take over Poland, Chamberlain had good intention, but bad execution. He claimed that the appeasement was for, â€Å"The peace of our time,† and that his agreement with Hitler, that which Hitler biblically disregarded 7 days later, would allow Europe to continue war-free, sparing It from the trauma and anxiety associated with war. It Is well known that Chamberlain failed utterly to accomplish anything with the appeasement, and war did in fact break out he following year.Recently, President Obama went to Geneva to negotiate peace terms with Iran regarding them physically possessing nuclear weapons, and failed to accomplish anything. In fact, Iran slapped America in the face by completely undermining America's request, and this is the cause for much controversy and ill feelings toward Obama as of late. In comparison to Chamberlain's utter failure at Munich, B eam's inability to impose his country will Is far more severe than what happened in 1938.While It Is rue that both Britain and the US practically surrendered to Germany and Iran, respectively, Nazi Germany was much larger of a world power In its day when compared to modern day Iran. In addition, Brutal was In a weak state economically and militarily, while the united States, although Isn't In tip-top shape economically due to the recent recession, has one of, if not, the largest and most powerful militaries in the entire world. To have to surrender to a country whose inferiority on the world scale of sovereignty is an obvious step in the wrong direction.In defense of Chamberlain, he didn't have the power of hindsight in terms of WI. The same cannot be said for Obama and Iran. Obama had clear historical evidence and resources to show that appeasement, in large part, does not work. Ben Shapiro, who hosts his own radio talk show and is author of a bestseller, said â€Å"The deal with Iran Is Worse than Munich' in part because In 1938 Hitler had not made known his plans to exterminate European Jews, while Iran has explicitly expressed a desire to completely wipe Israel off the map.How, then, could Obama simply request that Iran hand over one of Its most prized possessions, that being nuclear weapons, which are clearly documented as present in the country, when America's greatest ally is at risk and is the direct victim of Iran's plans? This isn't acceptable, and is a clear sign that Obama, who was supposed to be America's FAD, is becoming America's Nixon. Obama VS. Chamberlain By Broadband disregarded 7 days later, would allow Europe to continue war-free, sparing it from the trauma and anxiety associated with war.It is well known that Chamberlain failed impose his country's will is far more severe than what happened in 1938. While it is respectively, Nazi Germany was much larger of a world power in its day when compared to modern day Iran. In addition, Britain wa s in a weak state economically and militarily, while the United States, although isn't in tip-top shape economically deal with Iran is Worse than Munich' in part because in 1938 Hitler had not made that Iran hand over one of its most prized possessions, that being nuclear weapons,

Creationism vs. Evolution

Since high school, I have been on something of an intellectual and spiritual journey from what I was told to believe to what I believe for myself. It wasn't until recently that I have finally started to become comfortable with what I do and do not accept as the truth regarding the origins of our existence here on this planet. I grew up in a diverse Christian home: my mother's side are devout Roman Catholics and my Father's Lutheran. I was raised Catholic and we went to mass religiously (no pun intended) every Sunday and my mom said my Hail Mary's with me every night before bed. The existence of God and His role in our lives was not even a question. From there, I went to a Christian pre-school, a Catholic kindergarten and grade school, and then a privet Catholic all-girls academy. In High School, evolution was barely talked about unless you were taking a class specifically related to it (or maybe it was but I tended to fall into a coma during science related lectures) and in primary school, it wasn't talked about at all. My father is what my mother likes to call a â€Å"holy roller†: he is a starch Fundamentalist Christian and a Young-Earth Creationist who believes that the bible is fact and not to be interpreted in any way other than literally. I can remember him talking about the evils of evolution and how it was impossible for monkeys to still exist if we evolved from them. He said that the evolutionary theory was just that: a theory and not fact like the bible. My father is an extremely intelligent man who reads and researches his beliefs but he is blindly religious. My high school was an extremely intellectually nurturing environment. When I started religion classes there, while there was some bias, I got to hear other peoples points of view and beliefs which helped me to start figuring out what it was that I truly believed. It was through these classes that I met some girls who happened to be atheists. I had no idea that the general consensus among those girls was that all religious people were un-intellectual and unintelligent because of Young-Earth Creationist. It was during this time that I started read about the subject and I read a lot. I read a book by a Christian astronomer named Hugh Ross, an Old-Earth Creationist who believes that the first few chapters of the Book of Genesis are not a literal portrayal of actual events but rather, God's revelation of the creation of events to the writer of Genesis. I thoroughly enjoyed the book but I promised my father I would at least give some Young-Earth Creationist views a chance. My dad gave me two books: one by Henry Morris and one by Ken Ham (the author of the assigned article. ) I was unimpressed by Henry Morris's book as I found it extremely tangental and rambling. I then moved on the Ken Ham's book, called The Answeres Book: The 20 Most-Asked Questions about Creation, Evolution, and the Book of Genesis Answered! I was actually appalled because essentially, he said that a person who does not believe in Young-Earth Creationism is not a Christian because they don't believe the Bible. This was extremely disturbing to me because most of his comments throughout the book and on his website Answers In Genesis/ mission were extremely intolerant and even at times abusive towards scientific community as a whole. How could it be possible that the same PhDs and other teachers from whom I was learning all be deceptive liars? I think that's why I had such a problem reading and accepting this article to be anything other than bullshit. True, he is not spouting any of his â€Å"holier than thou† spew in this particular piece but because I know and have read his other works I know he is trying to sell something: his own small-minded one-sided view of the world. The truth of the matter is that evolution is not anti-Biblical. I know that the Earth and the universe are both old. I know that life itself is old, we have scientific proof of it, but the question for me remained how exactly did life begin and develop. The Biblical creation story is clear: God created everything from the very beginning. How it progressed from there is not specifically spelled out. I have come to believe through reading, research, and soul-searching that evolution is the best and most plausible explanation for the progression of life on this planet. When my father was learning about evolution, it was discussed in terms of long-term gradual changes facilitated by natural selection. It had now been found that the process can be sped up by natural selection and other genetic processes. Over time, evolution has become better supported through tireless research. I think Evolution is easy enough to digest for people like my mother until it gets to the issue of monkeys. Whenever that subject is brought up it gets uncomfortable because she doesn't want to believe that we, God's handmade â€Å"mini-me's†, originated from, to quote the immortal line from the movie Planet of the Apes, â€Å"damn dirty apes†. The idea that God hand-made each and every one of us from scratch is an easier pill to swallow for most Christians. I feel that biological evolution is a beautiful and reasonable explanation for the physical progression from apes to humans but it lacks a spiritual explanation. My Grandmom always said to me that she never fully believed in God until she was in the room when someone died. You can see all the life: the intelligence, the love, everything they were in life completely drain from them and all thats left is an empty vessel. I never thought I'd have an experience like that until my Grandmom passed away in her sleep last March. I saw everything she described happen right before my eyes and it was then that I realized that there had to be something, some supernatural aspect to humans that no other animal possesses. When I saw her lying in the casket, it was no longer my Grandmom but the shell of the beautiful and complex person she once was. Whether you want to call it a soul, God's breath of life, or his image and likeness we are different and not just in our linguistic skills. It is clear to me that God chose us to be His children and to love Him forever but how or why he chose to differentiate us from the rest of the primates is still unclear to me. I have come to find that my thoughts and beliefs align with what is called Theistic Evolutionism or Evolutionary Creationism. Theistic Evolution is the concept that classical religious teachings are compatible with modern scientific understanding about biological evolution. Because I found this concept that fully aligned with my beliefs, I have never been more firm in my faith or more sure of my belief in God and Jesus Christ. I believe that God sent Jesus to cleanse me of my sin and I believe that He loves me. I believe that He hears my prayers and answers them and I believe that God did create the universe and everything in it but he chose to do it in a ways that we, his children, can study scientifically so we can better understand Him and His plan for us.

Free Essays on Terorist Of The Net

and tap into all sorts of files. (www.computerworld.com) From the Pentagon: Democratic and Republicans; Israelites and the Palestinians; as well as emails and personal websites, satellites, or lockers; hackers are using their special skills to terrorize and exploit. In order to do this; a hacker needs to tap into another machine that has the files. The only way for a hacker to tap into another machine, is for the machine to have an outside line. Every single machine that has an outside line either has an IP (Internet Protocol) address, adapter address, or a simple phone number that can be located and dialed to gain access. Once a hacker is inside that machine they are able to do what ever they want with it, as if they were actually there. To a real hacker, the whole point of hacking into another machine is to gain certain information. The pioneers of hacking were out to expose the world to government cover-ups to find the real truth. In order to tap into that machine there a re loopholes in the programs, or programs that can create loop holes, such programs as decoders, rippers, and crackers. In order to regain control of the Internet we need to find a way to protect our own personal computers. Through certain software, hardware, and surveillance the Internet may become more protected and secured to its users. Software, series of instructions that tells your computer how to perform, is one way to protect your computer from... Free Essays on Terorist Of The Net Free Essays on Terorist Of The Net Numerous amounts of files are becoming terrorized as hackers all over the world log onto the Internet. It’s getting worse as the new generation of hackers in their teens along with everyone preceding them. . Over 160,000 times a year the pentagon computers are broken in as suppose to keeping out only 35% of all that have tried. The pentagon being the first to own a network can’t even protect it’s own files. The underground net is where many people are able to get software to help crack passwords and tap into all sorts of files. (www.computerworld.com) From the Pentagon: Democratic and Republicans; Israelites and the Palestinians; as well as emails and personal websites, satellites, or lockers; hackers are using their special skills to terrorize and exploit. In order to do this; a hacker needs to tap into another machine that has the files. The only way for a hacker to tap into another machine, is for the machine to have an outside line. Every single machi ne that has an outside line either has an IP (Internet Protocol) address, adapter address, or a simple phone number that can be located and dialed to gain access. Once a hacker is inside that machine they are able to do what ever they want with it, as if they were actually there. To a real hacker, the whole point of hacking into another machine is to gain certain information. The pioneers of hacking were out to expose the world to government cover-ups to find the real truth. In order to tap into that machine there are loopholes in the programs, or programs that can create loop holes, such programs as decoders, rippers, and crackers. In order to regain control of the Internet we need to find a way to protect our own personal computers. Through certain software, hardware, and surveillance the Internet may become more protected and secured to its users. Software, series of instructions that tells your computer how to perform, is one way to protect your computer from...

South African Apartheid-Era Identity Numbers

South African Apartheid-Era Identity Numbers The South African Identity Number of the 1970s and 80s enshrined the Apartheid era ideal of racial registration. It was brought in to effect by the 1950  Population Registration Act  which identified four different racial groups: White, Coloured, Bantu (Black) and others. Over the next two decades, the racial classification of both the Coloured and other groups were extended until by the early 80s there was a total of nine different racial groups being identified. Black Land Act Over the same period, the Apartheid government introduced legislation creating independent homelands for Blacks, effectively making them aliens in their own country. The initial legislation for this actually dated back to before the introduction of Apartheid- the 1913  Black (or Natives) Land Act, which had created reserves in the Transvaal, Orange Free State, and Natal provinces. The Cape province was excluded because Blacks still had a limited franchise (entrenched in the South Africa Act which created the  Union) and which required a two-thirds majority in parliament to remove. Seven percent of the land area of South Africa was dedicated to roughly 67% of the population. With the 1951  Bantu Authorities Act  the Apartheid government lead the way for the establishment of territorial authorities in the reserves. The 1963  Transkei Constitution Act  gave the first of the reserves self-government, and with the 1970  Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act  and 1971  Bantu Homelands Constitution Act  the process was finally legalised. QwaQwa was proclaimed the second self-governing territory in 1974 and two years later, through the Republic of Transkei Constitution Act, the first of the homelands became independent. Racial Categories By the early 80s, through the creation of independent homelands (or  Bantustans), Blacks were no longer considered true citizens of the Republic. The remaining citizens of South Africa were classified according to eight categories: White, Cape Colored, Malay, Griqua, Chinese, Indian, Other Asian, and Other Colored. The South African Identity Number was 13 digits long. The first six digits gave the birth date of the holder (year, month, and date). The next four digits acted as a serial number to distinguish people born on the same day, and to differentiate between the sexes: digits 0000 to 4999 were for females, 5000 to 9999 for males. The eleventh digit indicated whether the holder was ​an SA citizen (0) or not (1)- the latter for foreigners who had rights of residency. The penultimate digit recorded race, according to the above list- from Whites (0) to Other Coloured (7). The final digit of the ID number was an arithmetical control (like the last digit on ISBN numbers). Post-Apartheid The racial criteria for identity numbers was removed by the 1986  Identification Act  (which also repealed the 1952  Blacks (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act, otherwise known as the Pass Law) whilst the 1986  Restoration of South African Citizenship Act  returned citizenship rights to its Black population.

Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computing - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the field of computer science deals with the idea of computability theory which looks at mathematical and logical problems by examining their solvability. In essence, it examines if a problem can be positively handled by a logic machine or not. In even simpler terms, computability theory works at the very limits of computing power so while we can expect computers today to be very powerful and complex machines; there are certain limits to the problems they can solve. In certain situations, computability theory suggests that specialized computers might be required for solving specific kinds of problems.   The theory, of course, would depend on our own definition of a computer and how a computer operates depending on its language and coding principles. Computability theory considers various models of computers but the three most popular ones are: Finite State Machine Pushdown Automaton System Turning Machine The Finite State Machine is the most common computer machine model which is available to us. It has also been suggested that this is the only theoretical computer model which is realistically possible and all present computers are based more or less on this machine. This computer has a set of predefined states and methods by which transitions can take place from one state to the other. In certain situations, the computer can accept data while in others it is used to output information of some kind. A common desktop computer can be used as a good example of this machine type.