Floods in India Essay Example for Free

Floods in India EssayIndia, being a peninsular country and surrounded by the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, is quite prostrate to flood. As per the Geological Survey of India (GSI), the major flood prone domain of a functions of India cover almost 12.5% area of the country.Every year, flood, the most common disaster in India causes immense loss to the countrys property and lives.India Flood abandoned AreasThe states falling within the periphery of India Flood Prone Areas are West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Assam, Bihar, Gujrat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. The intense monsoon rains from southwest causes rivers like Brahmaputra, Ganga, Yamuna etc. to swell their banks, which in turn floods the adjacent areas.Over the past few decades, central India has conk familiar with precipitation events like torrential rains and flash floods. The major flood prone areas in India are the river banks and deltas of Ravi, Yamuna-Sahibi, Gandak, Sutlej, Gan ga, Ghaggar, Kosi, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Mahananda, Damodar, Godavari, Mayurakshi, Sabarmati and their tributaries.Though the north-Indian plains prone to flood more, the India flood prone areas can be broadly categorized in three divisions Besides the Ganga, rivers like Sarada, Rapti, Gandak and Ghagra causes flood in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. The Yamuna is famous for flooding Haryana and Delhi. Bihar experiences commodious dangerous flood every year. River Burhi, Bagmati, Gandak, Kamla along with many low-toned rivers contribute to that. In West Bengal, rivers like Mahananda, Bhagirathi, Damodar, Ajay etc. causes floods because of tidal effects and insufficient river channels.* Brahmaputra and Barak Basins The river banks of Brahmaputra and Barak gets inundate due to the Surplus water found in the Brahmaputra basin and the Barak basin. These rivers along with their tributaries flood the northeastern states like West Bengal, Assam and Sikkim. Jaldakha, Teesta and T orsa in northern West Bengal and rivers in Manipur often overflow their banks. * Central India and Deccan Rivers Basin In Orissa, spilling over of river banks by Mahanadi, Baitarni and Brahmani causes havoc.The deltaic area formed by these three rivers is thickly populated. Even some small rivers of Kerala and mud stream from the nearby hills add on to the destruction. Southern and central India observes floods caused by Narmada, Godavari, Tapi, Krishna and Mahanadi due to heavy rainfall. Cyclonic storms in the deltaic regions of Godavari, Mahanadi and Krishna even floods the coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nadu occasionally.

Three Ways That Cigarette Ads Hook Kids Essay Example for Free

Three Ways That Cigarette Ads Hook Kids EssayCigarette consume is prevalent among kids and teens. Tobacco companies invest billions of dollars every year to get children and teens to use tobacco plant. They target children in their advertisements to get them addicted on tushs at an early age. The cigarette companies use many tactics to engage youth advertising through popular medias such as magazines, television and websites, by creating scenarios that relate to kids and by apply youth-targeted flavors in their tobacco.Cigarette smoking in the movies and on television is portrayed as thrilling, fun, sexy and trendy. When smoking is viewed as normal, children tend to adopt the lifestyle. Recent merchandise campaigns for cigarettes seem to have attracted the interest of teens. The ads which are featured in magazines such as, Cosmopolitan, Vogue and Glamour were a hit with girls in their early teens. Special promotional giveaways such as berry-flavored lip balm, purses, cell p hone, and wristbands to lure them. Secondly, cigarette advertisement creates scenarios that relate to kids. For young girls, they have beautiful women making girls think if they smoke they pull up stakes be beautiful.Likewise, they make boys think if they smoke they will get beautiful girls. The people in the ads are relaxing and having a good time. They seem to be confident and popular. These are things children and teens want. Children assume that smoking will help them get these things. Finallytobacco companies use pictures or candy, and fruit-flavored cigarettes to appeal to youth. These sweet flavorings make the tobacco taste better to children making them easy target for early addiction.The strategies employed by tobacco companies through effective advertising are working. Kids are specially vulnerable to the highly addictive nature of tobacco.

Is transformational leadership effective in schools

Is transformational leading good in inculcatesThe leadership behaviour of tame traders is an important persuasion of student performance and the general functioning of the school as a whole. The importance of high quality, impressive leadership has been shown to be one of the major alter factors leading to high performance in schools (Reynolds, 1991 Hallinger and Heck, 1999 Sammons et al, 1995). Several research studies construct shown Effective leadership non only improves educational let oncomes it also ensures that disciplinary problems among students be dole outed effectively. Two major leadership expressions that nurse been predominantly used are transactional and transformational expressions of leadership. While the former is predominantly an instructional elbow room of leadership man a transformational border on tends to be more team based. In applying distinct models of leaders and various approaches to leadership, there has been a general consensus that school leadership differs from organisational leadership, hence a team based approach may be more suitable.School leadership essentially use ups to combine leadership and caution capabilities. Everard and Morris (1990) have laid out five stages of management, wherein setting goals, planning and organizing resources for the achievement of goals and implementing control and corrective procedures are important in achieving the desired objectives. In the mise en scene of transformational leadership styles, Bolman and Deal (1997) are of the view that Poorly managed organizations with strong, charismatic leaders may soar temporarily only to crash shortly thereafter. (Bolman and Deal, 1997 xiii-xiv). In the world-wide place setting, heathenish implications may also need to be taken into consideration in determining what kind of leadership style would be pertinent.On the basis of the above, the research question examined in this study is whether a transformational leadership style is really effective in schools?Definitions of school leadershipOutstanding leadership has ever emerged as a key characteristic of outstanding schools (Beare, Caldwell and Millikan, 198999). The concept of leadership itself however, is not easy to define. There is no correct definition (Cuban, 1988190), but almost of its constituent elements include the process of influence(Leithwood et al, 19996 Ogawa and Bossert, 1995225-6), mostly a social influence (Yuki, 20023) that may be exercised by individuals or by teams (Harris, 2002 Leithwood, 2001).The school as an organization is somewhat different from other organizations. As Mitchell and Tucker (1992) have pointed out, leadership has generally been viewed as the ability to take charge and ensure that the necessary objectives are met, which presents the quality of leadership as being somewhat aggressive. In the school environment however, such a view of leadership might not be entirely appropriate, because aggressive or instruction al leadership would tend to ignore the benefits of teamwork or transformational leadership. With a school environment, leadership would be more to the highest degree leaders extending invitations to the individuals and groups with whom they interact, in shape to build a overlap and evolving vision of enhanced educational experiences for pupils. (Stoll and Fink, 1996 109).Leadership theories and modelsWithin an educational mise en scene, existing leadership practices for school leaders prior to the 1950s were focused upon the lessons to be learnt from the prior experiences of school administrators and their insights into effective practice methods on the basis of their personal experiences. (Heck and Hallinger, 2005). This approach was however unequal to(predicate) and attention shifted to the need to apply scientific principles based on empiricism rather than on the basis of ideals or personal beliefs and experiences.A transactional leadership style involves leaders who exchang e tangible rewards for the work and the loyalty of their followers, thereby adopting a purely practical approach. Transformational leaders on the other hand, are able to do and inspire their followers and raise their consciousness about the desired objectives and outcomes, and how they could be achieved (Gellis, 2001 Judge and Piccolo, 2004). A later approach however, suggested that these two styles of leadership were not necessarily mutually exclusive rather most good leaders appear to demonstrate some traits of both styles of leadership (Judge and Piccolo, 2004755).A transformational leadership style relies generally upon the personality of the leader and his or her capacity to inspire and motivate followers. As Everard and Morris (1985) have pointed out within the school context however, an important task in an educational institution is the reconciliation of value systems of different people in such a manner that a clear statement of aims and beliefs is derived, to which a m ajority of the stakeholders can subscribe. (Everard and Morris, 1985142). This must also be coupled with a clear, educationally focused vision, which articulates a realistic, credible, attractive future for the organization (Deal and Peterson, 1994). While the input, vision and ideals of the whizz are important, the school context requires bringing together the ideas and commitments of a variety of people who have a stake in the success of the school. (Tom Sergiovanni, 1987). As Beare, Caldwell and Millikan (1989) have stated, outstanding leaders are those who have a vision for their school, but they also share this mental picture with everyone in the school community.The vision of the principal is vital because it serves as a pointer to the transportion in which the school should go however, if this vision is the principals alone and is not shared by the other members of the organization, whence staff and students may tend to merely go through the motions rather than actually su pporting the vision and being deeply committed to it.As Hopkins has pointed out, effective school leadership must embrace both the distinctive aspects of the school which set it apart, as well as the inclusive context of the school, which fosters unity of purpose. He points out that there are two aspects to leadership the first is the constitution that one size fits all while on the other hand, is the claim that because severally institution is unique and different, it cannot learn from the experiences of another institution. This principle may be fallacious and school leadership may need to adopt a policy of adapt practices that have been proven to be effective elsewhere and incorporate it within the specific context of their own schools. On this basis, he has suggested policy that school leadership must include both the distinctive and inclusive context of the school. This implies that (a) the context of the school must be embraced in its entirety before every practices proven elsewhere can be incorporated and (b) the particular mix of skills required in school leadership will differ from one context to the other.The contingency model of leadership specifically stipulates that in terms of its contextual variables, each school is unique. Although the homogeneity associated with globalisation tend to produce an assumption that a uniform leadership style may successfully be applied to all schools, this perception may not be strictly correct. Rather, as Dimmock and handcart have suggested, policies and practices should not be imported without due consideration of cultural and contextual appropriateness (Dimmock and Walker, 2000144). Furthermore, Dimmer and Walker (2005) point out that globalization has produced phenomena such as distance education, which has produced an ethnocentric view of educational leadership issues, centred upon issues that are relevant in the US and the UK. But with the globalization of education, indicated that there may be a need to develop a cross cultural, international perspective of educational leadership and management.Another model proposed for educational leadership is the Leadership for nurture model, which is based upon a set of well defined principles that can be used to guide schools, their leaders and school districts in achieving high performance standards and sustaining discipline (www.cebe.us) The basic principles associated with this model are as follows (a) a focus on article of belief, i.e., learning is personalized and occurs in multiple contexts (b) creates setting to promote learning, i.e., providing multiple opportunities for learning and reflections on its nature (c) shares leadership, i.e., invites participation in leadership (d) promotes explicit conversations about leadership and learning, i.e., strengthening the relationship mingled with the two and (e) incorporates mutual accountability, i.e., involving all stakeholders in making judgments about practice and outcomes.The transfo rmational approach applied in schoolsBarnett et al (2001) carried out a study in several state secondary schools in Wales, in which they investigated the relationship that existed between the transactional versus the transformational styles of leadership of the principals, taking into account the school outcomes as well as the school learning culture. The findings in this study suggested that impertinent to what was expected, teacher outcomes such as satisfaction, extra effort and the perception of leader effectiveness were not positive where transformational leadership style were concerned. Rather, transformational leadership behaviour on the part of the principal, in terms of his or her vision and inspiration produced a significant negative association, both with teacher outcomes as well as with student learning culture.A transformational leadership style was however found to be quite effective in bringing about changed practices in teachers in a Dutch study which investigated th e impact of this leadership style in the context of innovation programs. (Geijsel et al, 1999) This study showed that there were three significant dimensions to a transformational leadership style in school leadership, i.e., vision, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation. These three aspects were analyzed in relation to how they influenced teacher concerns, teachers learning activities and teachers changed practices. The impressions showed that a transformational leadership style in school principals appeared to be quite effective in fostering innovative practices and bringing about changes in teacher practices.The direct effect of a transformational leadership style of principals on school staff turnover and school performance was examined in a study carried out by Griffin (2004). The data relied upon for lineage the findings in this study were (a) survey data from elementary school students and teachers and (b) student achievement test scores, derived from the stu dent archives. This study did not demonstrate a direct positive or negative impact of transformational leadership on either student achievement scores or on the turnover of school staff. spark advance transformational leadership showed a positive indirect impact on the job satisfaction of staff members and student achievement scores, which it had an indirect negative impact on staff turnover in terms of reducing the levels of staff turnover and thereby indicating that staff turnover had actually reduced as a result of the principals leadership style. Since the principals transformational style also produced a smaller gap between the achievements of minority and non minority students, this further contributed to high job satisfaction levels.A saucy leadership paradigmThe skills of leadership are even more important in a changing world. As Dilts (no date) points out, most of the existing literature on leadership focuses upon the characteristics of good leaders, but such characterist ics are too vague and general to be of much use. Examining effective leadership styles within the business context may also be ineffective in a school environment, because the organization is geared towards profit making, while schools are geared towards imparting a strong educational foundation for students that does not merely include academic achievement. According to Dilts, effective leadership covers a variety of skills, including self skills, relational skills, strategic and systemic thinking skills and involves a mastery of various elements such as self, relationship, communication and problem space.On this basis, Dilts states that effective leadership in schools needs to address all of three different levels (a) micro leadership, i.e., issues at the levels of environment, behaviour and capability (b) macro leadership, or issues at the level of beliefs, values and role identity and (c) meta leadership or the levels of spirit and identity.Similarly, Dimmer and Walker (2005) ha ve pointed out the need to incorporate cultural elements into the study of school leadership, especially in the context of globalization. They have put forward five propositions to map the manner of future cross cultural research into educational leadership and management. The essence of these propositions is that there is a need to develop a systematic, robust, comparative branch of educational leadership and management (Dimmer and Walker, 2005198). The concept of culture must be clearly defined in order to avoid an over-simplified portrayal of societal differences as Western/Asian. Moreover, it could be difficult to successfully apply transformational leadership styles across different cultures, while a transactional approach that is based upon a simple system of incentives and rewards for the production of certain specific educational outcomes that are measured through tests, is much easier to apply.Bush has outlined different kinds of preparatory programs that principals are ex pected to take up. Daresh and Male (2000) carried out a comparative study of first year principals in Britain and the United States and point out that a significant culture shock is associated with moving into being the head of an institutional institution. Nothing could prepare the respondents.. For the change of perceptions of others or for the intensity of the job. (Daresh and Male, 200095). The major differences between leadership programs for principals in different countries is that some of them require a formal qualification for the position, while in others, this qualification is not mandatory and extensive teaching experience is used as the criterion for appointment.ConclusionsThe research question that has been posed in this study is whether a transformational educational leadership style is really effective in educational leadership. In order to assess the efficacy of transformational leadership in education, the literature review above has also shown the need to incorpor ate cultural perspectives and the level of formal training principals receive. This aspect is especially relevant because not all administrators are able to inspire staff and students or fully render their concerns. An approach to leadership that is derived purely on the basis of past experiences may also not be effective in the present day content. The transactional style of leadership may be effective in terms of applying measurable incentives in achieving the desired outcomes. Theoretically, a transformational approach should be more effective in providing a more successful educational leadership, but as shown above, in actual practice this might not necessarily be the case. The vision and direction of the transformational approach must necessarily be participative if it is to be truly effective. If the vision for the school is purely the principals, then it is not likely to be successful in securing the commitment of the staff and students and may actually produce negative outc omes, especially when it fails to incorporate the cultural perspective.The Leadership for learning model appears to be the most relevant in the school context and it does incorporate a transformational approach in that it focuses on the context of learning however most importantly, it also provides for a shared leadership. This indicates that the schools would need to develop a common vision and goals based upon the active participation of the principal, teachers and the students. This is the important aspect of transformational leadership which must be introduced if it is to be successful, i.e., the participative element. It could be successful in bringing about necessary changes in both students and teachers and also achieving the desired grades and educational outcomes, if the processes and procedures which are developed are based upon a common vision and common goals which the principal develops in association and with the active participation of all members of a school communit y, This would ensure commitment from everyone towards achieving those goals.

Problems And Solutions Of 4g Networks

Problems And Solutions Of 4g Networks4G is the new development in mobile communication which is also known as next generation entanglements. As sequence passes past technologies are replaced by new ones for the need of new development communications. This is achieved by the 4G which gives a good scope for the widened of mobile communication .As mobiles are demonstrable as minicomputer now ever days which dope be used for diametrical purposes this can be achieved efficiently by new technologies the like 4G which offers higher(prenominal) data rates with seamless roaming.In todays technological world the mobile users are demanding more(prenominal) sophisticated and compact devices for their purposes to which manufactures are trying to develop littler devices with increased processing and credentials which makes to develop 4G mesh for much improved image processing and speed of processors which can be used for using 4G applications like 3D games , high definition camcorders wit h larger megapixels which need high processor to run.4G is developed to run on a single platform for different piano tuner networks which are connected through one IP core. This will help to integrate the different existing heterogeneous wireless technologies like WIMAX, UMTS, WLAN and GPRS.4G network has a very high data rate which provides 100Mbps to 1Gbps in stationary and mobile environment respectively.LimitationsAlthough 4G networks are best for mobile users they have some limitations. iodine of the main issue is the operating area which is a drawback to all communication networks like 2G, 3G also . As we know that many rural areas and many buildings in metropolitan cities where there with no network coverage in this technological world. This is due to our present communication standards and equipment which should be improved for this latest technology which is a promising one to deliver communication and many others advanced applications bothwhere which cant be possible un less our operating area is enhanced in an hard-hitting manner.The second issue is the cost of network which is principal(prenominal) to consider .As 4G network equipment is very expensive so carriers and providers should plan carefully to make the cost more realistic and low.Potential problems4G networks being so advantageous to users it also faces some potential problems in real world. They are Security, Quality of service, Handover.SecurityIn this digital world security is an important aspect in communication networks. As 4G network is not used for just communication but also it provides different functions like internet which is to be much secured. So we should estimate and solve the different security threats of 4G networks like IP spoofing, User ID theft, Denial of service, Intrusion attacks which may cause loss of information or leakage of information which is considered as great threat for the users.Quality of serviceQuality of service is more important for 4G networks as we know that telecommunication is a real term communication like Voice over IP and video streaming .In real time traffics calibre of service is very important as we should estimate some factors like bit rate, jitter, delay, packet drop probability to avoid network over-crowding in available bandwidth effectively.HandoverHandovers is defined as the switching of mobile nodes (MN) from one access point to other in current network or to a different network.4G networks faces lot of challenges while handover in todays communication systems. In particular if a mobile user is undergone handover process from communication systems like GPRS to WLAN at that time there is a potential risk of communication disturbance which makes the mobile user unhappy.Potential solutionsAs we know that 4G networks are heterogeneous networks they nourishment different functions to network operators and service providers. So to provide security for communication 4G networks introduce security gateways (SEGs) w hich secure the different domains. For developing security in 4G networks we should survey a model developed by International Telecommunication union named as X.805 based on Bell lab security model which live of three security layers, three security planes and eight security dimensions which has explained below.X.805 security modelAccess control which controls unauthorized users to network.Authentication which confirms the individual identity of user.Non defection controls false data by giving information of data from origin.Data confidentiality which provides security to the data in the network from unauthorized users.Communication security which provides security to the communication channel for usage of authorized user notwithstanding.Data integrity protects the data from manipulating or modifying by others.Availability is making the network available for only the authorized users.Privacy is allowing data flow to only the authorized user without any leakage.By following these steps of this model at least we can defend from the existing threats and can solve the future threats which are more important in any communication network.To maintain quality of service in 4G we have to implement some protocols which are designed to maintain seamless communication to users like video conferencing and video streaming. The mobility protocols are Mobile IPV6, Hierarchical MIPV6, and unshakable MIPV6 which improve quality of service for 4G networks. Since to improve more quality of service in 4G and for a better handovers across heterogeneous networks research are through for combination of mobility protocols seamless mobile IPV6 (SMIPV6) and session initiation protocol (SIP) for a better communication network.ConclusionMobile communication networks has been developed rapidly from decades and plays a vital role in human life .The advanced networks like 4G are not only used just for communication between nation but also serves many functions for the users which faces many potential problems in real time to which we should find a effective solution. As 4G is a heterogeneous network function on single IP core which has many advantages like high bit rate and seamless communication when compared to others with a better quality of service and security .Up on all this new advanced 4G networks gives a great scope to future development of mobile communications in every field.

Media Effects on Teenage Drinking

Media Effects on Teen days DrinkingJOE A Teenagers StruggleStephanie MikalatosSchools, government programs and p bents working harder and harder to educate children, to just say no (Levinthal 387) i to drugs. precisely the fight is hard against millions of dollars used for alcohol and prescription drug advertisements, that are doing exactly the opposite and trying to make adolescents and adults drink, take pills and smoke. In addition on that point are plenty of television programs and movies that are showing drug use as being cool. Younger people then receive mixed messages do to traditional advertising, media images, movies, songs, the internet and all known social media. An important factor are the to a greater extent relaxed rating of movies with scenes of actors smoking, drink and utilize drugs. That is why the Ameri croupe honorary society of Pediatrics recommends that tobacco advertising in all media will be forbidden, restrictions on alcohol advertising, avoiding general exposure to children with media associated with substances such as tobacco, alcohol, drugs, illegal drugs. They choose for more than prevention and more class media education.In the media example the immatureager started talking well-nigh alcohol when he was thirteen years old. He treasured to try it out of curiosity and to buy alcohol as a minor is relatively easy in other countries. It became a trend to go out with friends and drinking very fast. He started drinking beer and cheap drinks at first, but eventually developed a taste for better and purer alcohol. By the age of fourteen he drank alcohol regularly and until he passed out. This however did non prevent him from drinking both night, but was capable to keep his parents in the tincture about it. From this point on he started with alcohol, progressed to the use of marijuana and lastly to LSD and cocaine. This foots in total opposite about that view new media ads pass on us about alcohol.In the words of a major 2005 s tudy analyzing the lifestyles of octet- to eighteen-year-olds, late people today live media-saturated lives, spending an average six to eight hours a day with media.ii (Levinthal 391) The in study called Generation M (for Media), spends the time of a full time job with new media. iiiThe new medias providing teenager with a multitude of entertaining such as reading (eBooks with tablets), listening to music, text messaging and chatting online with friends, watching TV, movies, live stream YouTube and similar WebPages. Parents are not able anymore to control their childrens media access, because of missing knowledge or just unrestricted access in the teens own four walls.Alcohol is still the number bingle drug on American television and statistically every fourteen minutes some type of alcohol can be seen in selected programs. The results of fivefold studies show that alcohol is constantly and visually present everywhere, but is rarely addressed explicitly. ivEspecially the trivial ized representations of alcohol in the environment of sports programs, drinking with girls in sexy outfits or music events and in conjunction with humor makes it hard for the consumer to see the dangers of its use. Surveys showed that almost all young people have experiences with alcohol of some sorts. Alcohol plays a huge role from the perspective of young people, especially at parties and being together with friends it creates fun and contributes to a better mood. On television the youth using alcohol especially in youth series, in advertising and in feature pips. Overall, it was found that a media education project could contribute to raising ken of alcohol issues such as excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to aggression and destroy friendships. Presented in a new media form the correspondence of the dangers of alcohol (or any other drug) would be made easier for the adolescent media user.Children learn early to know alcohol by watching adults drink before them on festiv e occasions or even every day in their home environment. This makes it much easier to even try in opposite to what the AAP article is saying. mavin can get to alcohol or easily as a survey explained, 81% of the youth surveyed knew that alcohol is present in their household.v Alcohol drinking is in When teenagers drink alcohol, they are recognized by their peers or elders. The young people do not want to stand back in the group. If in a group where every oneness drinks and most are older, teenagers do not want to stand back. That is how to become more recognized. Alcohol lifts the mood, for example at a society or in society. Thinking about problems is getting less and after more drug use even forget the everyday life. The adult the young person sees having a drink in movies, commercials, at home in the internet and so on is ofttimes to be imitated. Since some adult stand as a models, like actors, musician, athletes the young people usually think nothing of it. They do not know the far-reaching the consequences can become. Here too can be seen that reliable life examples can be as bad as examples, as the ones in the media which I think is missing in the article.5% of young people drinking too much alcohol and are at risk. 15% percent, however, never drink alcohol. The alcoholic beverage no. one is beer. Wine and spirits are less in demand. In general, alcohol is considered normal. Who does not drink, is considered a nerd, an outsider, teens in peer pressure are forced to drink. A study shows for the years 2009 to 2014 shows, 86 adult directed popular musical performances with alcohol on average on each average day on music channels like MTV or VHS.vi Advertising/ showing of alcohol like beer, demonstrates such a fun time in ones life, attractive, successful teen pictures. Since 1960, the TV advertising market for beer, wine, liquor grew, and the ads are often to see at primetime TV. 1000-2000 alcohol ads are annually shown during performances, series and rea lity shows for young people, incontrovertible sports broadcasts. In all these examples not one public service announcement (PSA) on the advertising of alcohol was to be attached. The trend of new sweet spirits and mix drinks that are containing more alcohol then beer went up in advertisement. 20% more liquor advertising on TV and 92% more magazine pages.viiNew technologies for the Internet, social networking sites and even mobile phones offer even more exposure. The so-called war on drugs has been going on in the film industry, and smoking is often totally banned. save a large number of film scenes are still showing alcohol with healthy adults and in galore(postnominal) places. Together with the media and early education, the support to encourage children and young people to live alcohol free. Laws and regulation can be done to eliminate displays of happy drunks in social media. viiiJoe says in opposite to most research, that teens have a hard time avoiding drugs because they are so easy to come by and are often supplied by close friends. In school there are so many kids that sell stuff and a lot of times they are friends as well. The stereotypical drug pusher whom kids are warned about is the exception. Children are getting taught that somebody who sells drugs is, like, some filthy, grungy guy in a parka, but more often first exposures to drugs was through close friends, sometimes even immediate family. Joe thinks that it is a mistake for a lot of anti-drug campaigns geared to teens, to portray drug dealers tone like demons. Most of the kids that do a lot of the heavy drugs and booze are just as regular and probably quite pleasing to facial expression at for regular people.Regarding the seventeen points of advocacy and guidance through pediatricians there are indeed some of the points that can be used. Pediatricians can raise cognizance with the parents of a teenager by asking questions about the media usage and the location of the teens TV and computer like in point one. But knowing that teens are much more tech savvy then their parents one can assume that they will trick their way through with using a play platform or their phone. Some of the other points seem to be to say the least- unrealistic. Parents will not change their daily life around to pre-view movies with their kids. They will not switch off the TV during the meals. They have even movies running when they are for ten minutes with their kids in the car so they do not contain to talk to them.Of course the entertainment industry should show more sensibility and responsibility. Congress needs to come up with new laws and regulations about advertisements regarding medications, alcohol and tobacco. As logical consequence there should be more funding for early education and commercials against drinking and smoking, like we can see in the campaigns against texting and driving for example. But even though all these things are factors that increase the risks of kids getting lured into drug use- the biggest of all responsibility still lays with the closest family and friends. Remembering the prohibition area, having alcohol as I totally illegal substance did not show to be really successful. This approach only added more crime, 1secrets and home-made booze that was quite dangerous sometimes because it was even stronger. In conclusion one really would think that just a general better education and more own responsibility for every citizen can make a difference.ReferencesAmerican honorary society of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications. Children, adolescents, andadvertising published correction appears in Pediatrics.2007119(2)424. Pediatrics.2006118(6)25632569BorzekowskiDLG,StrasburgerVC.Tobacco, alcohol, and drug exposure. In CalvertS,WilsonBJ, eds.Handbook of Children and the Media.Boston, MA Blackwell2008432452. StrasburgerVC.Center on Alcohol Marketing and YouthClicking With Kids Alcohol Marketing and Youth on the Internet.Washington, DCCenter on A lcohol Marketing and Youth2004Firshein, Janet. PBS. Thirteen. Moyers on Addiction. well-nigh to home. 2009 Real-Life Stories. JOE A Teenagers Struggle. http//www.thirteen.org/closetohome/stories/html/joe.htmlHornikR,JacobsohnL,OrwinR,PiesseAN,KaltonG.Effects of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign on youths.Am J Public Health.200898(12)22292236Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and ultramodern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010. VitalBook fileMayo Clinic Staff. pocket-size drinking Talking to your teen about alcohol. 1998-2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.http//www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teen-drinking/art-MorenoMA,BrinerLR,WilliamsA,WalkerL,ChristakisDA.Real use or real cool adolescents speak out about displayed alcohol references on social networking websites.J Adolesc Health.200945(4)420422Nemours. Teen Health. Alcohol. 1995-2014 The Nemour Foundation. http//kidshealth.org/teen/drug _alcohol/alcohol/alcohol.html1Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010.i Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010. VitalBook file.ii Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010. VitalBook file.iii Center on Alcohol Marketing and YouthClicking With Kids Alcohol Marketing and Youth on the Internet.Washington, DCCenter on Alcohol Marketing and Youth2004iv Nemours. Teen Health. Alcohol. 1995-2014 The Nemour Foundation. http//kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/alcohol/alcohol.htmlv HornikR,JacobsohnL,OrwinR,PiesseAN,KaltonG.Effects of the National Youth Anti- Drug Media Campaign on youths.Am J Public Health.200898(12)22292236vi American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications. Children, adolescents, andadvertising published correction appears in Pediatrics.2007119(2)424. Pediatrics.2 006vii American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications. Children, adolescents, andadvertising published correction appears in Pediatrics.2007119(2)424. Pediatrics.2006viii MorenoMA,BrinerLR,WilliamsA,WalkerL,ChristakisDA.Real use or real cool adolescents speak out about displayed alcohol references on social networking websites.J Adolesc Health.200945

Family as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O. Essay

Family as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O. The outspoken narrator of Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O., cognize to us only as Sister, intends to convince us--the world at large--that her family has turned against her, guide on by her sister, i placea-Rondo. To escape her family, she explains, she has left home and now lives at the P.O., where she is postmistress. As she delivers her monologue, the narrator reveals more about herself than she intends. We see her as a self- reduceed young woman who enjoys picking fights and provoking histrionic scenes in which she is the center of attention. not too far into the story, we realize that others in the family behave as melodramatically as Sister does, and we begin to wonder why. The storys setting may grant the answer In a small town in Mississippi, sometime by and by World War II and before television, entertainment is scarce. The members of this family cope with isolation and boredom by casting themse lves in a continning melodrama, with each person thievery as many scenes as possible. The first-person point of view is crucial to the tooth root of Weltys story. It is both quicker and funnier to show that the narrator is self-centered and melodramatic than it would be to tell it. Sister is definitely the star in the melodrama. She begins her tale with I, and every guinea pig is made to revolve around herself, even her sisters marriage I was getting along fine with Mama, Papa-Daddy and Uncle Rondo until my sister Stella-Rondo just separated from her husband and came gage home again. Mr. Whitaker Of course I went with Mr. Whitaker first, when he first appeared here in china Grove, taking Pose Yourself photos, and Ste... ...eful to show us, the narrator is not the only self-centered, melodramatic member of this family. Given the family history, we can be fairly sure that things will concisely be back to normal. The narrator will move back home, and the family, we lcome the diversion, will no doubt find a way of turning her recurrence into a new round of excitement. Works Cited Prenshaw, Peggy Whitman, ed. Conversations with Eudora Welty. Jackson UP of Mississippi, 1984. Romines, Ann. How Not to Tell a Story. Eudora Welty Eye of the Storyteller. Ed. Dawn Trouard. Kent Kent State UP, 1989. 94-104. Welty, Eudora. The Eye of the Story Selected Essays and Reviews. parvenu York Vintage, 1979. ---. One Writers Beginnings. New York Warner, 1984. ---. Why I Live at the P.O. The still Stories of Eudora Welty. New York Harcourt, 1980. 46-56. Family as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O. EssayFamily as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O. The outspoken narrator of Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O., known to us only as Sister, intends to convince us--the world at large--that her family has turned against her, led on by her sister, itella-Rondo. To escape her family, she explains, she has lef t home and now lives at the P.O., where she is postmistress. As she delivers her monologue, the narrator reveals more about herself than she intends. We see her as a self-centered young woman who enjoys picking fights and provoking melodramatic scenes in which she is the center of attention. Not too far into the story, we realize that others in the family behave as melodramatically as Sister does, and we begin to wonder why. The storys setting may provide the answer In a small town in Mississippi, sometime after World War II and before television, entertainment is scarce. The members of this family cope with isolation and boredom by casting themselves in a continning melodrama, with each person stealing as many scenes as possible. The first-person point of view is crucial to the theme of Weltys story. It is both quicker and funnier to show that the narrator is self-centered and melodramatic than it would be to tell it. Sister is definitely the star in the melodrama. Sh e begins her tale with I, and every event is made to revolve around herself, even her sisters marriage I was getting along fine with Mama, Papa-Daddy and Uncle Rondo until my sister Stella-Rondo just separated from her husband and came back home again. Mr. Whitaker Of course I went with Mr. Whitaker first, when he first appeared here in China Grove, taking Pose Yourself photos, and Ste... ...eful to show us, the narrator is not the only self-centered, melodramatic member of this family. Given the family history, we can be fairly sure that things will soon be back to normal. The narrator will move back home, and the family, welcoming the diversion, will no doubt find a way of turning her homecoming into a new round of excitement. Works Cited Prenshaw, Peggy Whitman, ed. Conversations with Eudora Welty. Jackson UP of Mississippi, 1984. Romines, Ann. How Not to Tell a Story. Eudora Welty Eye of the Storyteller. Ed. Dawn Trouard. Kent Kent State UP, 1989. 94-104. Welt y, Eudora. The Eye of the Story Selected Essays and Reviews. New York Vintage, 1979. ---. One Writers Beginnings. New York Warner, 1984. ---. Why I Live at the P.O. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. New York Harcourt, 1980. 46-56.

Essay --

the UK. Section 2 (2)9 provides for the making of delegated legislation in purchase order to implement EU obligations10. Furthermore, section 2 (4) states that .any enactment passed or to be passed, other than one to be contained in this part of this act shall be construed and hand effect subject to the foregoing provisions of this section.11 This section requires EU equity to have primacy over existing and future domestic legislation. This gives effect to the dogma of the supremacy of EU natural law. As a consequence of the rule in Section 2 (4) all primary legislation enacted by Parliament was to be interpreted by all courts according the EU law requirements. This obliges the courts to disregard legislation which is inconsistent with EU law.The case of Costa v ENEL12 introduced the doctrine of supremacy. In this case, the European Court of Justice confirmed that community law prevails over any national law of fellow member states that is incompatible with it. In this case it was utter By contrast with ordinary treaties, the E.E.C Treaty has created its own legal system which on entry into force of the treaty becomes an integral part of the legal systems of the member states and which their courts are bound to sacrifice.In the key case of Factortame (No 2)13, The House of Lords accepted the supremacy of EU law in 1991 and gave effect to Community law that was incompatible with an Act of Parliament. In this case, UK legislation violated community rights concerning discrimination and the free movement of workers. The House of Lords were in a position where they had to choose whether to apply an Act of Parliament or community law. As a result the House of Lords held the Merchant Shipping Act 1988 as invalid as it was indirect conflict ... ...membership of the European Union has undoubtedly limited Parliaments power of supremacy as it prevails over any national law that is in conflict14 Vauxhall Estate Ltd v Liverpool Corporation 1932 DC15 Constitutional and Administrative law, Alex Carroll, 7th edition, 2013, Pearson Education Limited p.9516 Thoburn v Sunderland City Council 2002 EWHC 19517 Constitutional and Administrative law, Alex Carroll, 7th edition, 2013, Pearson Education Limited p.604Constitutional and Administrative law 153642with it. The UK Parliament is still able to withdraw the UK from the membership of the European Union because it was a voluntary act for the UK to join the EUs legal order. However no longer is domestic law the only law applicable in the UK, times have changed and it is clear that the membership of the European Union has weakened Parliamentary supremacy.